Access to Sanitation (Emergency Context)

The emergency indicator measures the affected population's access to a sufficient number of safely located latrines with functioning hand washing facilities – a crucial precondition for ensuring a sanitary environment and preventing diseases. The indicator includes only those latrines that were (re)constructed as a part of the project.

Use observations, key informant interviews and review of relevant documents to assess the following sub-indicators:

1. Can the toilets that were (re)constructed as a part of the project be considered as "improved sanitation facilities"? This means either being pit latrines with slab; or ventilated improved pit latrines; or flush or pour toilets (connected to a sewer system or a septic tank); or composting toilets?

2. Is the average number of toilet users not more than 20 people per one gender-specific toilet? (disaggregate the data by gender).

3. Are the toilets located less than 50 meters from dwellings (or as locally agreed)?

4. Are the toilets regularly cleaned and maintained? (assess based on interviews with randomly selected users + observations).

5. Do the toilets have hand washing facilities (with accessible water and soap) and anal cleansing material?

6. Do the toilets respect cultural preferences and are they segregated by sex?

7. Are the toilets constructed in a way that does not pose any risk to their users (e.g. risk of collapse; or poor vector control due to missing drop hole cover)?

8. Are the toilets located in a place that minimizes the exposure of women and girls to assaults, especially at night?

9. Does the design / construction of the toilets enable all members of the community (including people with disabilities, and the elderly) to access them?

Calculate the number of people having access to toilets which meet these standards. The toilets only meet the standards if the answers to all questions are YES.

Disaggregate the data by gender.

1) According to the Sphere Standards:

> The ration of women to men's toilets should be 3:1

> Where there are no existing toilets, it is possible to start with one for 50 people, increasing toilets and lowering the number of users per toilet to 20 as soon as possible.

2) In addition to the requirements listed above, it is recommended that you also assess: 

> Are the toilets lockable from inside?

> Do the toilets' handwashing facilities have soap or ash?